Diploma in Nautical Science

Ship Construction and Ship Stability – II 

Course Objectives

The purpose of this course is to familiarize students with the fundamentals and concepts of:
i. Hull structure and Ship’s Plans

ii. Sketch profile view of various type of ships

iii. Identifying steel sections and parts of structure

iv. Stress on ship’s hull – Static and Dynamic and working of Loading Computer (Lodicator)

v. Fittings at Bow, Stern, Rudder and Propeller

vi. Statical Stability and calculations involved in same

vii. List and Trim and calculations involved in same

viii. Ship stability book (e.g. M.V. Hindship) on ships and basic calculations with respect to actual Stability Booklet

Code

CUTM 4024

Course Nature

Compulsory

Theory (T)

5

Practice (Pr)

0

Project (Pj)

0

Credits

5

Contact Hours

74

Course Learning Outcomes

On completion of the course, the students will be able to 

CO1.Recall the components and characteristics of hull structure and ship's plans. 
CO2. Explain the various types of ship stresses and their effects on hull integrity. 
CO3. Apply knowledge of ship fittings, bow, stern, rudder, and propeller configurations in ship construction and operation.
CO4. Analyse the principles of statical stability and their implications for ship stability management.
CO5. Evaluate the factors influencing ship list and trim and propose corrective measures to maintain stability.
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Code – CUTM 4024
Course Title – Ship Construction and Ship Stability - II

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COURSE SYLLABUS
Topics 

SN 1. - Hull Structure and Ship’s Plans
- Theory Hours 26

1.1 Sketch And Label A Profile View Of A Typical Double Hull Tanker, Showing Bulkheads, Cofferdams, Pump-Room, Engine-Room, Bunker And Peak Tanks,Cargo Tanks Permanent Ballast Tanks. 
1.2 Sketch And Label A Profile View Of A Typical Gas Carrier, Showing Containment Systems, Compressor Rooms, Cofferdams, Engine Room, 
Bunker And Peak Tanks, Ballast Tanks. 
1.3 Sketch And Label A Profile View Of A Container Ship Showing Holds,  D.B.Arrangements, Peak Tank Arrangements, Engine Room & Cell Guide Arrangement.
1.4 Sketch And Label A Profile View With A Profile View Of Ro-Ro Ship Showing Mid Ship Ramp Arrangement, Stern Ramp Arrangement, Car Decks, D.B. Arrangement, Slope Ways & Gastight Zones. 
1.5 Describe The Content Of Different Types Of Plans, E.G. G/A Plan, FFA Plan, LSA Plan, Pumping And Piping Arrangement, Shell Expansion Plan, Capacity Plan.
1.6 Identify Structural Components On Ship’s Plans And Drawings () And Define:
1.6.1 Frames, Floors, Transverse Frames, Deck Beams, Knees, Brackets.
1.6.2 Shell Plating, Decks, Tank Top, Stringers.
1.6.3 Bulkheads And Stiffeners, Pillars.
1.6.4 Hatch Girders And Beams, Coamings, Bulwarks.
1.7 Describe And Illustrates Standard Steel Sections.
1.7.1 Flat Plate.
1.7.2 Offset Bulb Plate.
1.7.3 Equal Angle.
1.7.4 Unequal Angle.
1.7.5 Channel.
1.7.6 Tee.
1.8  Explain Longitudinal, Transverse And Combined Systems Of Framing On Transverse Sections Of Ships.
1.9 Illustrate Double-Bottom Structure For Longitudinal And Transverse Framing.
1.10 Sketch The Deck Edge, Showing Attachment Of Sheer Strake And Stringer Plates.
1.11 Define Gross Tonnage (GT) And Net Tonnage (NT) 
2.1 Define Terms Shear Force (SF) And Bending Moments (BM) 
2.2 Explain What Is Meant By ‘Hogging’ And By ‘Sagging’ And Distinguish Between Them.

SN 2. - Ship Stresses  - Theory Hours 4

2.1 Define Terms Shear Force (SF) And Bending Moments (BM). 
2.2 Explain What Is Meant By ‘Hogging’ And By ‘Sagging’ And Distinguish Between Them.
2.3 Describe The Loading Conditions Which Give Rise To Hogging And Sagging Stresses.
2.4 Describe Liquid Pressure Loading On The Tank Structures. Stress due to Torsion on Hull girder.
2.5 Describe Qualitatively The Stresses Set Up By Liquid Sloshing In A Partly Filled Tank.
2.6 Describe Racking Stress And Its Causes. 
2.7 Explain What Is Meant By ‘Pounding’ Or ‘Slamming’ And List Which Part Of The Ship Is Affected 
2.8 Explain What Is Meant By ‘Panting’ And List Which Parts Of The Ship Are Affected? 
2.9 Describe Stresses Caused By Localized Loading. 
2.10 Describe The Input And Output Data From Stress Calculation Machines. Briefly state about class certificate of loadicator, approved loadicator manual & approved test conditions & testing requirements by ship staff & annual testing in presence of Class.

SN 3. -Fittings, Bow And Stern, Rudder And Propeller- Theory Hours 6

3.1 Describe The Cleating Arrangements For The Hatch Covers. 
3.2 Draw A Sketch Of A Typical Forecastle Mooring And Anchoring Arrangements (Hawse Pipe, Spurling Pipe, Cable Stopper, Bitter End, Chain Locker), Showing The Leads Of Moorings. 
3.3 Describe The Bilge Piping System Of A Cargo Ship. 
3.4 Describe That Each Section Is Fitted With A Screw-Down Non Return Suction.
3.5 Describe The Arrangement Of A Fire Main And List What Pumps May Be Used To Pressurize It.
3.6 Sketch And Label Air Pipes To Ballast Tanks / Fuel Oil Tanks.
3.7  Describe The Use Of Save-All And Drip Trays. 

SN 4. -Statical Stability
- Theory Hours 28

4.1 Transverse Stability.
4.1.1 State That Weight Is The Force Of Gravity On A Mass And Always Acts Vertically Downwards.
4.1.2 State That The Total Weight Of A Ship And All Its Contents Can Be Considered To Act At A Point Called The Centre Of Gravity (G).
4.1.3 Define The Centre Of Buoyancy (B) As Being The Centroid Of The Underwater Volume Of The Ship.
4.1.4 State That The Total Force Of Buoyancy Always Acts Vertically Upwards.
4.1.5 Explain That The Force Of Buoyancy Can Be Considered As A Single Force Acting Through B.
4.1.6 Explain That When The Shape Of The Underwater Volume Of A Ship Changes The Position Of B (Center of Buoyancy) Also Changes.
4.1.7 State That The Position Of B Will Change When The Draught Changes And When Heeling Occurs.
4.1.8 Label A Diagram Of A Mid-Ship Cross-Section Of An Upright Ship To Show Weight Acting Through G And The Buoyancy Force Acting Through B.
4.1.9 State That The Buoyancy Force Is Equal To The Weight Of The Ship.
4.1.10 Label A Diagram Of A Mid-Ship Cross-Section Of A Ship Heeled To A Small Angle To Show The Weight Acting Through G And The Buoyancy Force Acting Through B. 
4.1.11 Describe Stability As The Ability Of The Ship To Return To An Upright Position After Being Heeled By An External Force 
4.1.12 Define The Lever GZ As The Horizontal Distance Between The Vertical Forces Acting Through B And G. 
4.1.13 State That The Forces Of Weight And Buoyancy Form A Couple 
4. 1.14 State That The Magnitude Of The Couple Is Displacement X Lever, (W X Gz).
4.1.15 Explain How Variations In Displacement And Gz Affect The Stability Of The Ship. 4.1.16 On A Diagram Of A Heeled Ship, Show : 
4.3.16.1 The Forces At B And G 
4.3.16.2 The Lever Gz 
4.1.17 State That The Length Gz Will Be Different At Different Angles Of Heel General idea of a GZ curve 
4.1.18 State That If The Couple W X Gz Tends To Turn The Ship Towards The Upright, The Ship Is Stable 
4. 1.19 State That For A Stable Ship :
4.1.19.1 W X Gz Is Called The Righting Moment
4.1.19.2 Gz Is Called The Righting Lever
4.2 Initial Stability 
4.2.1 Define Transverse Metacentre (M) As The Point Of Intersection Of Successive Buoyancy Force Vectors As The Angle Of Heel Increases By A Small Angle. Show On A Given Diagram Of A Stable Ship That M Must Be Above G And States That Metacentric Height GM Is Taken As Positive. 
4.2.2 Calculations Regarding Use Of The Formula GZ = GM X SinØ.
4.2.3 Explain That The Value Of GM Is A Useful Guide To The Stability Of The Ship.
4.2.4 Describe The Effect On A Ship’s Behavior Of A Large GM (Stiff Ship) And A Small GM (Tender Ship)
4.2.5 Explain The Concept Of Free Surface Effect (FSE).
4.2.6 Use Hydrostatic Tables To Find KM At Given Drafts.
4.2.7 Given The Value Of KG, Use The Value Of KM Obtained From Hydrostatic Tables To Find GM.
4.2.8 State That, For A Cargo Ship, The Recommended Initial GM Should Not Normally Be Less Than 0.15m.
4.2.9 Calculate Using Moment By The Keel, The Position Of G After Loading Or Discharging Given Masses At Stated Positions. 
4.2.10 Calculate The Arrival GM From The Departure Conditions And The Consumption Of Fuel And Water, Including The Loss Of GM Due To FSE 

SN 5. -List And Trim
- Theory Hours 10

5.1 List And Its Corrections.
5.1.1 Show On A Diagram The Forces Which Cause A Ship To List When G Is To One Side Of The Centre Line.
5.1.2 State That The Listing Moments Is Given By Displacement X Transverse Distance Of COG From The Centre Line In Case Of Loading Or Discharging. Incase Of Shifting The Transvrese Distance Is The Total Distance Shifted. 
5.1.3 Show On A Diagram That The Angle Of List Ø Is Given By Tan Ø = GG1 / GM Where GG1 Is The Transverse Shift Of COG From The Centre Line.
5.1.4 Given The Displacement, KM And KG Of A Ship Calculates The Angle Of List Resulting From, Loading Or Discharging A Given Mass At A Stated Position, Or From Moving A Mass Through A Given Transverse Distance.
5.1.5 Explain With Reference To Moments About The Centre Line How The List May Be Removed.
5.1.6 Given The Displacement, GM And Angles Of List Of A Ship, Calculates The Mass To Move Through A Given Transverse Distance, Or The Mass To Load/ Discharge At A Given Position To Bring The Ship Upright 
5.2 Trim 
5.2.1 Define ‘Trim’ As The Difference Between The Draught Forward And Draught Aft.
5.2.2 Define Centre Of Flotation (COF), Hydrostatic Draft, Trim Caused & Moment To Change The Trim By 1 Cm (MCTC) 
5.2.3 State That Trim May Be Changed By Moving Masses Already On Board Forward Or Aft, Or By Adding Or Removing Masses From Forward Or Aft.(TRIM PROBLEMS OF TYPE-A, B OR C SHOULD NOT BE INCLUDED)
MV Hindship 
5.3 MV HINDSHIP to be used for 5.3.1 & 5.3.2, Numerical 1 - 25 only 
5.3.1 Brief Familiarization Of The Layout And Contents Of The Typical Stability Booklet.
5.3.2 Problems In Stability Based On A Typical Stability Booklet Covering The Topics Mentioned Above Including Determination Of Hydrostatic Particulars In A Given Density, Deadweight And Draft, Calculation Of Hydrostatic Draft From Drafts Forward And Aft, & KG By Moments And Final GM